Introduction:
Understanding the incidence and causality of paediatric hand injuries may be vital in injury prevention, training and treatment priority. However, few papers have addressed this subject.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to identify the epidemiology and cause of hand injuries in the paediatric population.

Material and Methods:
The study group in the retrospective study included 291 patients (74 female, 271 male) aged 1–18 years old (mean age = 12.2; SD = 4.5). The cause of injury and diagnosis were taken from the hospital database. Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval was obtained.

Results:
Data on the type of injury was collected and divided into nine groups, seven of which were used in the analysis: 5.2% were dislocations, 8.9% open fractures, 42.6% closed fractures, 12.7% isolated tendon injuries, 18.3% multiple tendon injuries, 4.8% subamputations and 15.4% amputations. Also, 54.5% of all injuries concerned the right upper limb, 45.4% the left, and 0.01% both upper limbs. Sex did not influence the injury incidence. However, age influenced the occurrence of closed fractures (mean age = 9.8; SD = 5.6; p < 0.02), isolated tendon injuries (mean age = 13.3; SD = 4.5; p < 0.04) and amputations (mean age = 10.5; SD = 4.9; p < 0.007). The main causes were sport training (29.8%), agricultural machine accidents (15.3%) and contact with sharp objects (14.5%).

Conclusions:
Our current results show clear age-based trends in the epidemiology and causation of certain hand injuries in the paediatric population. These should be taken into account in special prevention programs.