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Czy główkowanie może powodować demencję? Związek urazowego uszkodzenia mózgu z chorobami neurodegeneracyjnymi
 
Więcej
Ukryj
1
Department of Neurology, Student Scientific Association of Neurology, University Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
 
2
Department of Neurology, University Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
 
 
Data nadesłania: 30-11-2025
 
 
Data ostatniej rewizji: 02-02-2026
 
 
Data akceptacji: 03-02-2026
 
 
Data publikacji: 14-09-2026
 
 
Autor do korespondencji
Szymon Andrzej Czerski   

Department of Neurology, Student Scientific Association of Neurology, University Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-529, Wrocław, Poland
 
 
Issue Rehabil. Orthop. Neurophysiol. Sport Promot. 2026;54(1):27-40
 
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
DZIEDZINY
STRESZCZENIE
Wstęp:
Związek między sportami kontaktowymi a chorobami neurodegeneracyjnymi staje się coraz bardziej popularnym tematem wśród naukowców i w debacie publicznej. Powtarzające się urazy głowy (RHI) oraz pourazowe uszkodzenia mózgu (TBI) wiążą się z długoterminowymi konsekwencjami neurologicznymi. Fakt ten budzi obawy wśród sportowców, organizacji sportowych oraz środowisk medycznych dotyczące bezpieczeństwa sportów kontaktowych.

Cel:
Celem niniejszego przeglądu narracyjnego jest przedstawienie najnowszych osiągnięć w rozumieniu zależności między TBI a chorobami neurodegeneracyjnymi w sporcie.

Materiały i metody:
Przeprowadzono przegląd piśmiennictwa w bazie danych PubMed, obejmujący artykuły opublikowane w ciągu ostatnich pięciu lat, z zastosowaniem następujących słów kluczowych: football, soccer, heading, Alzheimer’s disease, TBI, RHI.

Wyniki:
Sporty kontaktowe wiążą się ze zwiększonym ryzykiem chorób neurodegeneracyjnych. Wśród byłych piłkarzy ryzyko jest trzykrotnie wyższe. Każdy dodatkowy rok gry w rugby zwiększa ryzyko przewlekłej encefalopatii pourazowej (CTE) o około 14%. W futbolu amerykańskim CTE może rozwijać się u zawodników młodszych niż 30 lat. Podczas gdy CTE pozostaje najczęstszym skutkiem neurodegeneracyjnym, inne powikłania objawiają się jako depresja, bezsenność oraz stwardnienie zanikowe boczne. Metody diagnostyczne obejmują analizy biochemiczne surowicy i płynu mózgowo-rdzeniowego, histopatologię, profilowanie RNA informacyjnego oraz techniki neuroobrazowe. Obecnie nie istnieje leczenie modyfikujące przebieg CTE. Literatura wskazuje na różne interwencje terapeutyczne i wspomagające, w tym podawanie środków neuroprotekcyjnych, pulsacyjne ultradźwięki o niskiej intensywności, fotobiomodulację oraz wdrażanie protokołów rehabilitacyjnych.

Wnioski:
Powtarzające się urazy u sportowców wiążą się z procesami neurodegeneracyjnymi. Do głównych wyzwań dotyczących tego zagadnienia należą brak standaryzacji diagnostycznej oraz brak skutecznych terapii cytoprotekcyjnych, co zaznacza potrzebę dalszych badań.
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