Introduction:
Uric acid is the end product of purine nucleotide metabolism in the human body. Elevation of uric acid in the blood is known as hyperuricemia. Its participation in the development of gout is well known. According to the latest reports, it plays a role in developing cardiovascular and central nervous diseases.

Aim:
This review article discusses the mechanisms and risk factors of hyperuricemia, its complications, and treatments that highlight hyperuricemia as a multi-faceted disorder requiring optimal treatment and rehabilitation.

Material and Methods:
Pubmed and ClinicalKeys databases were used for searching for relevant research results. We focused on studies published in less than 5 years, but older references were also analyzed, if they brought valuable reports to our work.

Results:
The analysis of the presented articles can indicate the role of hyperuricemia not only in the formation of gout, but also in hypertension, cardiovascular and kidney diseases and neurological disorders.

Conclusions:
Due to the increase in the incidence of hyperuricemia worldwide and its consequences, maintaining an adequate level of uric acid is an essential aspect of patient management for clinicians. In addition to pharmacological treatment of hyperuricemia, patients should be considered for diet modification and increased physical activity. Further studies are needed to improve guidelines and recommendations for treating hyperuricemia and patient education.